Notes from NEET topper
Structure of HIV:
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a complex retrovirus with a distinctive structure. It contains single-stranded RNA as its genetic material, which is encapsulated within a protein capsid. Surrounding the capsid is a lipid bilayer envelope derived from the host cell membrane. Embedded in this envelope are glycoproteins, notably gp120 and gp41. These glycoproteins are essential for HIV’s interaction with host cells during the infection process. The viral envelope allows HIV to bind to CD4 receptors on the surface of host cells, primarily CD4+ T cells. After attachment, the virus enters the host cell, and its RNA is reverse transcribed into DNA by the enzyme reverse transcriptase. This viral DNA then integrates into the host genome, where it can remain latent or become active, leading to the production of new viral particles. Understanding the structure of HIV is critical for developing antiretroviral drugs and designing strategies to combat the virus.
